Description
Link.
求 $\sum_{i=1}^{n}\text{fibonacci}_{i}\times i^{k}=\sum_{i=1}^{n}(F_{i-1}+\text{fibonacci}_{i-2})\times i^{k}$,$1\le n\le10^{17},1\le k\le40$。
Solution
简记 $F_{i}=\text{fibonacci}_{i}$。首先我们作个差:
$$ ans_{n}=\sum_{i=1}^{n}F_{i}\times i^{k}=\sum_{i=1}^{n}(F_{i-1}+F_{i-2})\times i^{k} \\ ans_{n}-ans_{n-1}=F_{n}\times n^{k} \\ $$
然后:
$$ \begin{aligned} ans_{n}&=ans_{n-1}+F_{n}\times n^{k} \\ &=ans_{n-1}+F_{n-1}\times(n-1+1)^{k}+F_{n-2}\times(n-2+2)^{k} \\ &=ans_{n-1}+\left(\sum_{i=0}^{k}A_{i-1}(i)\times\binom{k}{i}\right)+\left(\sum_{i=0}^{k}A_{i-2}(i)\times\binom{k}{i}\times2^{k-i} \right) \end{aligned} $$
后面的 dirty work 实在不想做,口胡选手选择放弃。
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